2025-01-08
"One Hundred Years ofsolitude":From the shelf to the couch
IT WOULD BE hard, Gabriel García Márquez thought, to do justice to the surreal, sprawling tale on screen. By his reckoning, “One Hundred Years of solitude”, his landmark novel of 1967, would need a runtime of 100 hours; it would also have to be filmed in Colombia, entirely in Spanish.
加西亚·马尔克斯(Gabriel Garcia Marquez)认为,要将这部既离奇又宏大的故事在荧幕上复刻还原,绝非一件易事。他估算,若想将其1967年的里程碑式作品《百年孤独》完整呈现,影片时长需达到100小时;并且,整部影片还必须在哥伦比亚以西班牙语进行拍摄。
Netflix, with the support of Márquez’s estate, has honoured two of those three proclamations. The streamer boasts that its new adaptation of Márquez’s novel—the first on screen—is “one of the most ambitious productions in Latin American history”. (“Ambitious” is also a synonym for “expensive”: Netflix will not reveal the budget but claims it is the largest ever for a production in the region.) But keeping in mind how much solitude viewers actually want, it has opted to compress Márquez’s novel into 16 episodes, with the first tranche released on December 11th.
在马尔克斯遗产管理机构的支持下,网飞成功达成了这三项要求中的两项。该流媒体平台自豪地宣布,其对马尔克斯小说的首次荧幕改编堪称“拉丁美洲史上最具雄心的制作之一”。(“雄心”在此处亦暗含“巨资投入”之意:尽管网飞对预算三缄其口,但坦言这是该地区有史以来投资规模最大的一次制作。)然而,在考量观众对于“孤独”主题的期待与接受度后,网飞决定将马尔克斯的这部鸿篇巨制精炼为16集电视剧,首集已于12月11日亮相荧屏。
The book presents a formidable challenge to film-makers for two reasons. One is its status: many think “One Hundred Years of solitude” was the greatest novel of the 20th century. It helped Márquez to win the Nobel prize in literature in 1982 and has sold some 50m copies worldwide. With affection comes expectation. When the TV show was announced, fans online were quick to express their fears about an oversimplified, “caricatured” retelling.
这本书对电影制作人而言,无疑是一项艰巨的挑战,其原因主要有二。其中之一是,其地位显赫:《百年孤独》被众多读者誉为20世纪最伟大的小说之一。它不仅助力马尔克斯荣1982年诺贝尔文学奖,更在全球范围内售出约5000万册,赢得了广泛的喜爱与赞誉。然而,伴随这份深厚喜爱而来的,是观众的高期待。当电视剧改编的消息传出时,网络上的粉丝们迅速表达了自己的担忧,生怕改编作品会过度简化原著,或是将其“卡通化”。
Those remarks point to the other test for adaptors, which is the novel’s sheer complexity. Set in around 1850-1950, the book traces the fortunes of the Buendía family across several generations, from the time José Arcadio and his wife, Úrsula, establish the town of Macondo to the moment their last descendant dies, with civil war, modernisation, economic prosperity and ruin in between.
这些言论指向改编者面临的另一个考验,那就是小说的极度复杂性。故事跨越了大约1850年至1950年的百年时光,细腻描绘了布恩迪亚家族几代人的兴衰历程,从何塞·阿尔卡蒂奥(José Arcadio)与妻子乌尔苏拉(Úrsula)创建马孔多镇,直至他们最后一个后代的离世,期间历经内战纷扰、现代化浪潮的冲击、经济的兴衰更迭。
Time, in this tale, is a “turning wheel” that yields “unavoidable repetitions”. Male scions are all called some combination of José, Arcadio or Aureliano. (Readers everywhere are grateful to whoever thought to include a family tree at the front of the book.) There are more unusual occurrences, too. Characters die, only to return as ghosts. One man is permanently surrounded by a kaleidoscope of yellow butterflies; another cracks his head open, leaking not blood but an “amber-coloured oil that was impregnated with that secret perfume”.
在这个故事中,时间如同“旋转的车轮”,周而复始地带来“无法逃避的重复”。男性后代的名字无外乎是何塞、阿尔卡蒂奥或奥雷里亚诺的各种组合。全球的读者都得感谢那位在书前细心附上家谱的贴心之人。书中还蕴藏着更多超乎寻常的情节:人物逝去后,竟以鬼魂之姿重返世间;一位男子周遭始终盘旋着一群让人眼花缭乱的黄蝴蝶,不离不弃;另一人不慎撞破头颅,流淌出的并非鲜血,而是“散发着神秘芳香的琥珀色油液”。
On the page this magical realism, as Márquez’s style came to be known, can be entrancing. The risk is that it could look oddly unconvincing on screen. When Netflix approached Alex García López, a director, about the project, he was excited but apprehensive. “I remember the book having very little dialogue. I remember it being a very existential kind of book and jumping all over the place. I just thought: ‘This is just not really doable, is it?’”
马尔克斯的笔触被赞誉为魔幻现实主义,在纸上世界里,这种风格引人入胜,令人沉醉。然而,将其搬上荧幕却伴随着风险,可能会显得怪异且难以令人信服。当网飞向导演亚历克斯·加西亚·洛佩斯(Alex García López)抛出这一项目时,他心中既涌动着兴奋,也夹杂着忧虑。“我回想起这本书对话寥寥,它更像是一部深邃的存在主义作品,情节跳跃不羁。我不禁暗自思量:“这真的很难实现,不是吗?”
It was. José Rivera, one of the screenwriters, decided that the story should proceed chronologically and that it needed a narrator. It quotes from the novel verbatim. “It was a great way of having Gabo’s voice guide us through the story,” Mr Lopez says, and a way to be “faithful to the book…to its execution, to its style”.
但事实证明,这一挑战是可以被克服的。编剧团队中的何塞·里韦拉(José Rivera)提出,剧情应当遵循时间顺序展开,并巧妙地融入旁白,直接引用小说中的原句。“这是让加博(亲友和读者对马尔克斯的爱称)的声音引领我们穿梭于故事之中的绝妙方式,” 洛佩斯解释道,同时强调这也是一种“对原著保持忠诚……忠于其叙述手法与独特风格”的改编策略。
As a result, the film-makers have captured the strangeness of the story, in which events are at once fantastical and mundane. They have also retained its sensuality. At times this makes for uneasy viewing: the novel recounts several incidents of incest and one of paedophilia. “We do not want to rewrite history,” asserts Francisco Ramos, Netflix’s vice president of Latin American content: “That’s the way things happened.” In fact, keeping in Aureliano’s wooing of Remedios, a nine-year-old girl, makes the tale more timely. Only last month Colombia passed legislation prohibiting anyone under the age of 18 from getting married.
因此,电影制作团队精准捕捉到了故事的独特魅力,其中的事件既充满了奇幻色彩,又不失日常生活的平凡。同时,他们也悉心保留了原著中的感官体验,尽管这有时可能会让观众感到些许不适——比如小说中描绘的多起“luanlun”事件以及一起涉及恋童癖的情节。“我们无意篡改历史,”网飞拉丁美洲内容副总裁弗朗西斯科·拉莫斯(Francisco Ramos)坚定地表示,“故事原本就是这般模样。”实际上,保留奥雷里亚诺(Aureliano)对九岁女孩雷梅黛丝(Remedios)的追求情节,反而使这个故事与当下社会更为贴切。就在上个月,哥伦比亚通过了新法案,明确禁止18岁以下未成年人结婚。
To write “One Hundred Years of solitude” Márquez drew on his childhood town of Aracataca. The novel “couldn’t be more specific and more grounded…in a very specific part of a huge, huge country,” Mr Ramos says, but “because of the way he tells the story it has global resonance”. Almost 60 years later, Netflix is hoping this is true of its version. Márquez’s book, after all, is about history repeating itself.
在创作《百年孤独》时,马尔克斯深深汲取了他童年时代故乡阿拉卡塔卡的灵感。拉莫斯指出,这部小说“极其具体,深深植根于……这个广袤国家中一个极为特定的角落”,然而,“他讲述故事的那份独特手法,让这本书跨越国界,引发了全世界的共鸣”。近六十年后的今天,网飞期望其改编作品也能达到同样的效果。毕竟,马尔克斯的这部著作本身就是对历史循环往复这一主题的深刻阐述。
①短语
1.原文:Ambitious” is also a synonym for “expensive”
词典:a synonym for ...的同义词
例句:The term "industrial democracy" is often used as a synonym for worker participation.
“工业民主”这一词语常被用作“工人参与”的同义词。
2.原文:But keeping in mind how much solitude viewers actually want
词典:keep in mind 牢记
例句:Last but not the least, a speaker has to keep in mind the value of brevity.
最后但并非最不重要的是,演讲者必须牢记简洁的价值。
3.原文:it has opted to compress Márquez’s novel into 16 episodes
词典:opt to 选择做某事
例句: If the banks opt to pull the rug from under the ill-fated project, it will go into liquidation.
如果这些银行选择不再支持那项倒霉的工程,它就将破产。
4.原文:Readers everywhere are grateful to whoever thought to include a family tree at the front of the book.
词典:be grateful to 感激某人或某事
例句:She seems to think I should be grateful to have a job at all.
她似乎认为我有份工作就该谢天谢地了。
5.原文:leaking not blood but an “amber-coloured oil that was impregnated with that secret perfume”
词典:be impregnated with 浸着
例句:The pad is impregnated with insecticide.
垫子上满是杀虫剂。
6.原文:As a result, the film-makers have captured the strangeness of the story
词典:as a result 因此,由于某事发生而产生的结果
例句:As a result, services have been drastically reduced.
结果,服务被大大减少了。
7.原文:To write “One Hundred Years of Solitude” Márquez drew on his childhood town of Aracataca.
词典:draw on 利用,借鉴
例句:He drew on his experience as a yachtsman to make a documentary programme.
他利用当过游艇驾驶员的经历来制作纪录片。
8.原文:The novel “couldn’t be more specific and more grounded…in a very specific part of a huge, huge country,”
词典:be grounded in 基于某事物牢固建立的
例句:Her argument was grounded in fact.
她的论述以事实为根据。
②长难句
原文:Set in around 1850-1950, the book traces the fortunes of the Buendía family across several generations, from the time José Arcadio and his wife, Úrsula, establish the town of Macondo to the moment their last descendant dies, with civil war, modernisation, economic prosperity and ruin in between.
分析:在这个句子中,the book是主语,traces是谓语,the fortunes of the Buendía family across several generations是宾语,修饰了“书描绘了家族的命运”。Set in around 1850-1950是过去分词短语作时间状语,交代故事发生的背景。from the time...to the moment...是状语,描述时间范围,其中包含两个并列的小句:the time José Arcadio and his wife, Úrsula, establish the town of Macondo和the moment their last descendant dies。with civil war, modernisation, economic prosperity and ruin in between 是介词with引导的伴随状语,补充说明家族在这段时间中经历的事件。
译文:故事跨越了大约1850年至1950年的百年时光,细腻描绘了布恩迪亚家族几代人的兴衰历程,从何塞·阿尔卡蒂奥(José Arcadio)与妻子乌尔苏拉(Úrsula)创建马孔多镇,直至他们最后一个后代的离世,期间历经内战纷扰、现代化浪潮的冲击、经济的兴衰更迭。
原文:One man is permanently surrounded by a kaleidoscope of yellow butterflies; another cracks his head open, leaking not blood but an “amber-coloured oil that was impregnated with that secret perfume”.
分析:在这个句子中,One man是主语,is permanently surrounded是谓语,表示被动语态,by a kaleidoscope of yellow butterflies是介词短语,作状语,修饰被什么包围,整体描述了第一个人的特征。分号后是第二个独立分句,another是主语,其中cracks是主要动词,his head是宾语,open是宾语补足语,描述动作的具体结果。随后,leaking not blood but...是分词短语,作伴随状语,说明“头裂开后发生的现象”,而that was impregnated with that secret perfume是限制性定语从句,修饰amber-coloured oil,进一步描述这种油浸透着一种神秘的香气。
译文:一位男子周遭始终盘旋着一群让人眼花缭乱的黄蝴蝶,不离不弃;另一人不慎撞破头颅,流淌出的并非鲜血,而是“散发着神秘芳香的琥珀色油液”。
③写作技巧
Netflix hopes great literature can translate into great television
网飞(Netflix)希望文学巨著能够转化为影视佳作
在这个句子中,translate into的意思是“转化为;变成”,以一种形象生动的方式表明事物从一种形式(文学巨著)转化为另一种形式(影视佳作)。这个短语常用于描述从一种状态或形式到另一种状态的具体或抽象的变化,体现出语言的简洁性和表意的准确性。类似的替换表达包括:transform into(转变为)、evolve into(逐步发展为)、convert into(转换为)等。这些表达都可以用来替代translate into,但需根据具体情境选择最恰当的短语,以确保表达的准确性。
例句:
The small startup transformed into a tech giant in just five years.
这家小型初创公司在短短五年内变成了科技巨头。
Over time, his hobby evolved into a successful business.
随着时间的推移,他的爱好发展成了一项成功的事业。
The factory was converted into a museum.
这家工厂被改造成了一座博物馆。
④背景知识
《百年孤独》,是哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯创作的长篇小说,是其代表作,也是拉丁美洲魔幻现实主义文学的代表作,被誉为“再现拉丁美洲历史社会图景的鸿篇巨著”。
故事讲述马孔多小镇和布恩地亚家族的兴衰变化与传奇故事,记录了家族命运与百年历史,是重复地叙述相同而荒唐的命运,是拉美国家几百年命运的缩影,独具意味地隐喻着人类“文明”史的建立、发展与终结,在荒凉失落与荒唐可笑中诠释宿命式的轮回。家族中人物名字是相同或相近的,预示着他们拥有殊途同归的孤独命运。《百年孤独》以布恩地亚被捆在树上为开端,以他被蚂蚁吃掉为结束,通过细腻丰富的笔触、大胆自由的想象、魔幻的叙事艺术,讲述布恩地亚家族命运与历史,刻画人物孤独的灵魂与自我救赎,进而体现出个人、家族及全人类的悲悯与孤独情怀,让人们重新思考时代发展与人性变化。
⑤段落大意
【1】背景介绍:要将《百年孤独》搬上影视屏幕面临重重难度。
【2】网飞改编:网飞将《百年孤独》浓缩为16集电视剧并上映。
【3】作品地位:20世纪最伟大的小说之一,影视改编面临高期望。
【4】复杂情节:小说复杂的家族历史和时间结构增加改编难度。
【5】魔幻现实:故事情节周而复始,书中还蕴藏着更多超乎寻常的情节。
【6】改编挑战:书中的魔幻现实主义难以在荧幕上实现,具有挑战性。
【7】改编策略:通过时间顺序和旁白引用,忠实呈现原著风格。
【8】保留争议:保留原著中的“luanlun”和恋童癖情节,符合历史真实。
【9】价值还原:原著能够引起全球共鸣,网飞期望其作品也能有同样效果。

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