Low-level drinkers have increased cancer and cardiovascular risk, study finds

研究发现，少量饮酒也会增加患癌和心血管疾病风险

Low-level drinking can increase your chances of cancer and cardiovascular disease, according to a new study. Research conducted by the Behavioural Insights Team, on behalf of the charity Alcohol Change UK, examined the drinking habits of more than 4,000 UK adults.

一项新的研究发现，少量饮酒会增加患癌和心血管疾病的风险。受英国酒精改变慈善机构委托，行为洞察团队对4000多名英国成年人的饮酒习惯展开了调查。

It found that people who consumed alcohol within the NHS guidelines had worse health than non-drinkers. Compared to people who never consumed alcohol, rates of cardiovascular disease increased from 1% to 5%, and for cancer, it went from 1% to 4%.

研究发现，饮酒量在国民保健署建议范围内的人，其健康状况比不饮酒的人更差。与从不饮酒的人相比，心血管疾病发病率从1%上升到5%，癌症发病率从1%上升到4%。

The study also found "low-risk" drinkers reported reduced sleep quality, worse daily functioning, and poorer dental health, compared to those who never consume alcohol. With more than 30 million people in the UK drinking at these levels, campaigners are calling for people to rethink their habits.

研究还发现，与从不饮酒的人相比，“低风险”饮酒者报告称，他们的睡眠质量下降、日常功能受损、牙齿健康状况也更差。由于英国有3000多万人饮酒量处于这一水平，活动人士呼吁人们重新思考自己的饮酒习惯。

Dr Richard Piper, chief executive of Alcohol Change UK, said: "For decades, we've fallen prey to a binary but false idea that 'drinking problems' only affect a minority of people with alcohol dependence. But as this research makes clear, alcohol is taking a toll on our health and wellbeing right across the drinking spectrum, even at 'low-risk' levels."

英国酒精改变慈善机构首席执行官理查德·派珀博士表示：“几十年来，我们一直陷入了一个二元但错误的观念，即‘饮酒问题’只影响少数有酒精依赖的人。但正如这项研究所表明的，酒精正在对整个饮酒人群的健康和福祉造成损害，即便是‘低风险’水平的饮酒。”

The NHS recommends that people should not consume more than six pints of medium-strength beer or 10 small glasses of lower-strength wine a week, but scientists warn that it is the way some people consume those volumes of alcohol which can be problematic for their health.

国民保健署建议，人们每周饮酒量不应超过6品脱中等强度啤酒或10小杯低度葡萄酒，但科学家警告称，一些人饮酒的方式可能对他们的健康构成问题。

Professor David Nutt, a former government chief drugs adviser, said some view 14 units a week as a target and others binge drink. There are people who think, 'I've got 14 units, I can have seven drinks on a Friday, seven on a Saturday, that's okay'.

前政府首席毒品顾问戴维·纳特教授表示，有些人将每周14个酒精单位视为目标，而另一些人则酗酒。有些人会想，‘我有14个酒精单位，我可以在周五喝7杯，周六再喝7杯，这没关系’。

We know that drinking the maximum allowance in one or two goes is very dangerous. That is where the data becomes quite complicated because some of the harms are undoubtedly magnified by binge drinking within that low-risk weekly level.

我们知道，一次性或分两次喝完最大允许饮酒量是非常危险的。数据变得相当复杂，因为在低风险每周饮酒量内，酗酒无疑会放大一些危害。

Nathan Eades, 37, runs two high-end pubs in Cheltenham and used to regularly drink large quantities of alcohol, but has recently changed his habits.

37岁的内森·伊兹在切尔滕纳姆经营着两家高端酒吧，他过去经常大量饮酒，但最近改变了自己的习惯。

"Being able to cut alcohol from having five, six pints at the end of a shift to maybe one vodka soda, two vodka sodas a week has really helped benefit us as a business and me as a person," he said. "After you have probably had one too many, how do your family take it? How are your co-workers interacting with you? How are they feeling with your mood swings, brain fog and irrationality? That is the area which we all need to be a bit more mindful of."

他说：“能够从每班结束后喝五六品脱酒，减少到每周可能只喝一两杯伏特加苏打水，这真的对我们的生意和我个人都有好处。在你可能喝得太多之后，你的家人会怎么看待你？你的同事会怎么与你互动？他们对你情绪波动、头脑不清醒和不理智的行为有何感受？这是我们都需要更加留意的地方。”

Alcohol Change UK is calling on the government to introduce health risk labelling on alcohol as well as marketing restrictions so that people have more information about what they are consuming and are not so regularly being encouraged to buy drinks. But drinkers in central London said that they were sceptical that labelling would help.

英国酒精改变慈善机构呼吁政府推出酒精健康风险标签以及营销限制措施，以便人们能更了解自己所饮用的酒精饮品，并且不会经常被诱导购买酒类。但伦敦市中心的饮酒者表示，他们对标签是否有用持怀疑态度。

One said that "every now and then it's quite nice to enjoy a drink and not worry about it... sometimes you put too many warnings and constantly telling people that everything's bad for them is also dangerous".

其中一人表示：“偶尔享受一杯酒，不用担心……有时候过多的警告和不断告诉人们一切对他们都有害也是危险的。”

Another said people are "generally stuck in our habits. I have a drink a few times a week and I know drinking's not good for me, so something on a bottle saying 'drinking's not good for you', I don't think will change that".

另一人表示，人们“通常都困在自己的习惯里。我每周会喝几次酒，我知道喝酒对我不好，所以酒瓶上写着‘喝酒对你不好’，我不认为这会改变什么”。

A third said drinking alcohol was "a calculated risk" for most people. "People aren't going in there having a pint to be healthy, they're going in there to have fun and hang out with friends," they said.

还有一个人表示，对大多数人来说，饮酒是“一种经过计算的风险”。 他们说：“人们喝酒不是为了健康，而是为了找乐子和与朋友聚会。”

A Department of Health and Social Care spokesperson said: "We recognise the need for urgent action to reverse the unacceptable levels of alcohol harm and deaths. As part of our Plan for Change, we are shifting our focus from sickness to prevention, prioritising early intervention and health measures to support people to live longer, healthier lives across the UK."

英国卫生与社会保障部发言人表示：“我们认识到，需要采取紧急行动来扭转不可接受的酒精危害和死亡水平。作为我们变革计划的一部分，我们正在将重点从治疗转向预防，优先考虑早期干预和健康措施，以支持全英国人民过上更长、更健康的生活。”