WillNewRulesSaveLivesonMountEverest?新规能否拯救珠峰上的生命?ExperiencedclimbersofMountEverestarewonderingifnewproposedruleswilldealwiththerootcausesofdeathsontheworld'stallestmountain.经验丰富的珠穆朗玛峰登山者正疑惑,新拟定的规则能否解决这座世界最高峰上死亡事故的根源问题。Theproposals,ifapprovedbythegovernmentofNepal,wouldaddstepstothepermittingprocessforclimbers.AmericanmountaineersEdViestursandAlanArnettesaidthemeasuresareunlikelytostopinexperiencedclimbersfromtryingtotravelupMountEverest.这些提议若获尼泊尔政府批准,将会为登山者的许可证申请流程增加更多环节。美国登山家埃德·维斯特尔斯和艾伦·阿内特表示,这些措施不太可能阻止缺乏经验的登山者尝试攀登珠峰。Thisyear,elevenclimbersdiedwhiletryingtoclimbthe8,850-meterhighmountain.ManyofthemdiedinlateMayaftertheywerestuckina"trafficjam"nearitssummit.Viesturssaidthatmanyteamstriedtoreachthesummitassoonastheyheardpredictionsofgoodweather.今年,有11名登山者在试图攀登这座海拔8850米的高山时不幸遇难。其中许多人是在5月下旬被困在接近山顶的“交通拥堵”区域后丧生的。维斯特尔斯称,许多登山队一听到天气预报说天气良好,就争先恐后地试图登顶。"Everyoneisafraidofmissingwhatmightbetheoneandonlyperfectday.Therearetypicallyseveralgoodsummitdays,butthere'spressuretogowheneveryoneelsegoes,"hesaid.他说道:“大家都生怕错过可能是唯一一个绝佳的登顶日。通常会有几个不错的登顶日,但当所有人都选择行动时,你也会感受到压力,不得不跟着出发。”Traditionally,Nepalhasgivenclimbingpermitstoanyonepreparedtopayafeeof$11,000.Thisyear,thegovernmentapprovedarecord381permits.按照传统,尼泊尔会向任何愿意支付1.1万美元费用的人发放登山许可证。今年,该国政府批准了创纪录的381份许可证。WithessentialSherpasandguidesadded,morethan800peopleweretryingtoreachthesummitduringtheshortweatherwindow.Theovercrowdingledtodeadlydelaysinwhatisknownasthe"deathzone,"theareaabove8,000meters.再加上必不可少的夏尔巴向导和普通向导,在短暂的天气窗口期内,有800多人试图登顶。过度拥挤导致在海拔8000米以上的“死亡地带”出现了致命的延误。Italsoraisedconcernsthatguidecompanieswereurginginexperiencedmountaineerstoattempttheclimb.Amongthesuggestedchangesisaruleforclimberstohaveacertifieddoctorprepareareportontheirmedicalhistoryandgeneralhealth.AnothersuggestedrequirementisthatclimbersprovideevidencetheyhaveclimbedanothertallmountaininNepal.这也引发了人们的担忧,即登山向导公司正在怂恿缺乏经验的登山者尝试攀登珠峰。在建议的改革措施中,有一项规定要求登山者必须由一名有资质的医生出具一份关于其病史和整体健康状况的报告。另一项建议要求登山者提供证据,证明他们曾攀登过尼泊尔境内的另一座高山。Theproposalshavebeenofferedtothecabinetforapproval,saidMiraAcharya,whooverseesclimbingactivitiesforNepal'sDepartmentofTourism.Thegovernmenthasyettosaywhenthelawsmighttakeeffect.尼泊尔旅游部负责登山活动的官员米拉·阿查里亚表示,这些提议已提交内阁批准,但政府尚未说明这些法律何时可能生效。Viesturssaidtheproposedchangeswillnotdoenoughtostopthe"groupthink"mentalitythatledtothetrafficjaminlateMay.Hesaidclimbleadersatbasecampalsoneededtoconsiderhowtofixtheproblem.维斯特尔斯表示,拟议的改革措施并不足以遏制导致5月下旬“交通拥堵”的“从众”心态。他说,大本营的登山领队也需要考虑如何解决这一问题。"Iknowseveralclimberswhowaiteduntillaterandhadthemountainalmosttothemselves,"Viesturssaidofthe2019climbingseason."Wereallyneedtoanswerwhysomanypeopleareonthesummitridgeonthesameday?Howcanyoucontrolit?"维斯特尔斯在谈到2019年的登山季时说:“我知道有几位登山者等到后面才出发,结果几乎独享了整座山峰。我们真的需要弄清楚,为什么同一天会有这么多人出现在山顶山脊上?又该如何控制这一局面呢?”


