外刊精选双语学习 Almosthalfofyoungpeoplewouldpreferaworldwithoutinternet,UKstudyfinds英国研究:近半数年轻人渴望没有互联网的世界Almosthalfofyoungpeoplewouldratherliveinaworldwheretheinternetdoesnotexist,accordingtoanewsurvey.一项新调查表明,近半数年轻人更倾向于生活在一个没有互联网的世界中。Theresearchrevealsthatnearly70%of16-to21-year-oldsfeelworseaboutthemselvesafterspendingtimeonsocialmedia.Half(50%)wouldsupporta"digitalcurfew"thatwouldrestricttheiraccesstocertainappsandsitespast10pm,while46%saidtheywouldratherbeyounginaworldwithouttheinternetaltogether.研究结果显示,近70%的16至21岁年轻人在使用社交媒体后,自我感觉会变差。其中,半数(50%)受访者支持实施“数字宵禁”政策,即在晚上10点后限制他们访问某些应用程序和网站;而46%的受访者则明确表示,他们更愿意生活在一个完全没有互联网的世界里。Aquarterofrespondentsspentfourormorehoursadayonsocialmedia,while42%ofthosesurveyedadmittedtolyingtotheirparentsandguardiansaboutwhattheydoonline.调查还发现,四分之一的受访者每天在社交媒体上花费的时间长达4小时或更久,更有42%的受访者承认曾向父母和监护人隐瞒自己在网上的真实活动。Whileonline,42%saidtheyhadliedabouttheirage,40%admittedtohavingadecoyor"burner"account,and27%saidtheypretendedtobeadifferentpersoncompletely.在上网过程中,不少年轻人也有着不为人知的一面:42%的受访者表示曾谎报年龄,40%承认拥有诱饵账号或“临时”账号,还有27%的受访者坦言曾完全伪装成另一个人。Theresultscameafterthetechnologysecretary,PeterKyle,hintedthatthegovernmentwasweighingupthepossibilityofmakingcut-offtimesmandatoryforcertainappssuchasTikTokandInstagram.此前,英国科技大臣彼得·凯尔曾暗示,政府正在考虑强制要求 TikTok 和 Instagram 等应用程序设置使用截止时间,以保护年轻人的身心健康。RaniGovender,thepolicymanagerforchildsafetyonlineattheNSPCC,saidthatdigitalcurfews,whilehelpful,couldnotstopchildrenbeingexposedtoharmfulmaterialsonlinewithoutothermeasuresbeingputinplace.对此,英国全国防止虐待儿童学会(NSPCC)的儿童在线安全政策经理拉尼·戈文德表示,虽然数字宵禁政策能在一定程度上帮助年轻人远离网络有害内容,但如果不采取其他配套措施,仍无法从根本上解决问题。"Weneedtomakeclearthatadigitalcurfewaloneisnotgoingtoprotectchildrenfromtheriskstheyfaceonline.Theywillbeabletoseealltheserisksatotherpointsofthedayandtheywillstillhavethesameimpact,"shesaid.她说:“我们需要明确的是,仅靠数字宵禁政策是无法全面保护儿童免受网络风险的侵害的。因为儿童在其他时段仍然会面临这些风险,这些风险对他们的影响依然存在。”Govenderaddedthattheprimaryfocusforcompaniesandthegovernmentwastoensurekidsareusing"muchsaferandlessaddictivesites".戈文德进一步补充道,企业和政府的首要任务是确保儿童能够使用到更安全、更不容易上瘾的网站。Thestudy,conductedbytheBritishStandardsInstitution,surveyed1,293youngpeopleandfoundthat27%ofrespondentshavesharedtheirlocationonlinewithstrangers.这项由英国标准协会开展的研究共调查了1293名年轻人。结果显示,有27%的受访者曾在网上与陌生人分享过自己的位置信息。Inthesamesurvey,three-quarterssaidtheyhadspentmoretimeonlineasaresultofthepandemic,while68%saidtheyfeltthetimetheyspentonlinewasdetrimentaltotheirmentalhealth.在同一次调查中,四分之三的受访者表示,由于疫情的影响,他们在网上花费的时间明显增多;而68%的受访者则直言,他们感觉上网时间对自己的心理健康造成了负面影响。AndyBurrows,thechiefexecutiveofthesuicidepreventioncharitytheMollyRoseFoundation,saiditwas"clearthatyoungpeopleareawareoftherisksonlineand,what'smore,theywantactionfromtechcompaniestoprotectthem".自杀预防慈善机构“莫莉·罗斯基金会”的首席执行官安迪·伯罗斯对此表示:“显然,年轻人已经深刻意识到了上网的风险,更重要的是,他们希望科技公司能够采取切实有效的行动来保护他们。”Headdedthatalgorithmscanprovidecontentthat"canquicklyspiralandtakeyoungpeopledownrabbitholesofharmfulanddistressingmaterialthroughnofaultoftheirown".Newlawswere"urgentlyrequiredtofinallyembedasafebydesignapproachtoregulationthatputstheneedsofchildrenandsocietyaheadofthoseofbigtech",hesaid.他进一步指出,算法有时会推送一些不良内容,这些内容“可能会迅速让年轻人陷入有害和令人痛苦的内容深渊,而他们本身并无过错”。他强调:“当前亟需出台新法律,将‘安全设计’理念真正融入监管之中,将儿童和社会需求置于大型科技公司利益之上,以确保网络环境的健康与安全。” 小白精批 2025-05-30 0 评论 0 喜欢
外刊精选双语学习 Does intermittent fastingwork?间歇性禁食有效吗?Itdoesforweightloss.Itsothersupposedbenefitsaredebatable对于减肥确实有效。但其宣称的其他健康效益仍有争议Dietscomeanddietsgo.Oneofthemostpopulartodayis “intermittentfasting” inwhich,asthenamesuggests,theideaistolimitone’sfoodintaketocertaintimewindows.Onepopular variant,the “5-2diet”,requirespeopletoeateitherverysmallamounts,ornothingatall,ontwodaysaweek,butimposesnorestrictionsontheotherfive.减肥方法层出不穷。时下最流行的当属"间歇性禁食"——顾名思义,就是将进食时间限定在特定时段。其中"5-2轻断食法"颇受欢迎,要求每周两天仅少量进食或完全禁食,其余五天则无需限制。Intermittentfastingispopular.Andasaweight-lossstrategy,ithasseveralthingsgoingforit.Oneisthatitisuncomplicated.Thereisnoneedtoweightheingredientsofeverymeal,assomedietsdemand,nortochangewhatyoueat drastically.Limitingtherestrictionstoacoupleofdaysaweek,orseveralhoursaday(mostofwhicharespentasleep)alsorequiresless willpower,whichmightmakeiteasiertostickwith.这种饮食方式大行其道。作为减重策略,它具备多项优势。其一,操作简单。无需像某些饮食法那样精确称量每餐食材,也无需彻底改变饮食结构。每周仅需坚持数天,或每天限制数小时(大部分时间在睡眠中度过),意志力的消耗相对较少,因此更易长期坚持。Workingoutwhetherthatactuallytranslatesintogreaterweightlossthanotherdietsisdifficult.Moststudiesfindlimiteddataandmixedresults.Thegeneralconsensus,saysNicholaLudlam-Raine,adietitianandspokeswomanfortheBritishDieteticAssociation,isthatintermittentfastingseemstoworkroughlyaswellforweightlossastraditionalcalorie-countingdoes.但要验证其减重效果是否优于其他饮食法却非易事。多数研究数据有限且结果不一。英国饮食协会发言人、营养学家尼古拉·拉德拉姆-雷恩指出,学界普遍认为间歇性禁食与传统热量控制法在减重效果上大致相当。Otherhealthbenefitsmightalsobeckon.Forcinglabanimalstofast(albeitnotintermittently)canincreasetheirlifespansbyupto40%.Italsoappearsto mitigate thephysicaldeclinethatcomeswitholdage,boostvariousmarkersofmetabolichealthandevenreducesusceptibilitytocancer.该饮食法可能还具备其他健康裨益。实验室动物强制禁食(尽管不是间歇性禁食)可延长寿命达40%,同时能延缓机体衰老、改善代谢指标,甚至降低患癌风险。Exactlyhowitdoesallthatisnotentirelyclear.Oneimportantfactorseemstobeautophagy,theprocessbywhichcellsbreakdownandrecyclepartsofthemselves.Cellsbecomemuchkeeneronautophagywhennutrientsarescarce. 具体作用机制尚未完全阐明。一个重要因素可能是细胞自噬机制——即细胞分解并回收自身部分结构的过程。当营养匮乏时,细胞自噬活动显著增强。Atthesametime,autophagyseemstohaveapreferenceforattackingdamagedanddegradedpartsofcells—andtheaccumulationofsuchcellulardetritusisoneofseveralmechanismsthoughttounderliethe decrepitude thatcomeswithageing.同时,这种机制优先清除细胞内的受损老化部分,而此类细胞碎片的堆积正是导致衰老的重要因素。Thehopeisthatintermittentfastingmightprovokeasimilarresponseinhumans.Therearetheoreticalreasonstothinkitmight:thecellularmechanismstriggeredbyfoodshortagesseemtohavebeenconservedbyevolutioninallsortsofdifferentanimals. 人们期待间歇性禁食能在人体引发类似反应。从理论上讲确有可能:食物短缺引发的细胞机制似乎已在各类动物中进化保留。Butrunningdefinitivehumantrialsofthesortdoneonlabanimalsisimpossible.“Whenwesay ‘calorierestriction’ wemeannearlystarving[theanimals],”saysAdamCollins,anutritionresearcherattheUniversityofSurrey.但要在人体开展实验室动物那种严格试验并不可行。萨里大学营养学家亚当·柯林斯指出:"我们所说的'热量限制'对实验动物而言近乎饥饿疗法。"Thatleavesscientistsreliant,fornow,onsmallish,short-livedstudiesthatuselessdrasticdietsandwhichrelyon proxy measuresofhealthsuchasinsulinresponseorcholesterollevels.Theirresultsaremixed. 目前科学家只能依赖规模较小、周期较短的替代性研究,这些研究采用较温和的饮食方案,并以胰岛素反应或胆固醇水平等替代指标评估健康效益。研究结果同样存在分歧。DrCollins’steam,forinstance,haspublishedarandomised-controltrial(themostrigoroussort)suggestingthatintermittentfastingimprovesthemetabolismoffatsmorethanordinarydietingdoes. 柯林斯博士团队发表的随机对照试验(最严谨的研究类型)显示,间歇性禁食比普通节食更能改善脂肪代谢。AreviewpaperpublishedinApril2024lookedat23otherstudiesandconcludedthatintermittentfastingwasslightlybetterthanordinarydietingforoverweightpeoplewhenitcametoimprovinglevelsofcholesterolandinsulin.Asimilararticle,publishedinJanuary,foundnomeaningfuldifferenceforeitherweightlossorcardiovascularhealth.2024年4月发表的一篇综述对23项研究进行分析后认为,在改善超重人群胆固醇和胰岛素水平方面,间歇性禁食略胜一筹;但同年1月的另一篇类似论文发现,在减重效果和心血管健康方面两者并无显著差异。Therearealsorisks.AstudyinmicepublishedinNatureinOctober2024foundthatseverefasting(wherecalorieswerecutby40%)haddownsides,includingmusclemasslossand,possibly,weakenedimmunesystems.Moderation,too,shouldbetakeninmoderation.潜在风险亦不容忽视。2024年10月《自然》杂志刊登的一项小鼠实验表明,严格禁食(热量摄入减少40%)会导致肌肉流失,并可能削弱免疫系统。适度原则本身也需把握分寸。(红色标注词为重难点词汇)重难点词汇:intermittent [ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt]adj. 间歇的;断断续续的variant [ˈveəriənt]n. 变体;变种 adj.不同的;变化的drastically [ˈdræstɪkəli]adv. 彻底地;激烈地;极大地willpower [ˈwɪlpaʊər]n. 意志力;毅力mitigate [ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt]v. 减轻;缓和;缓解decrepitude [dɪˈkrepɪtjuːd]n. 衰老;虚弱;老朽proxy [ˈprɒksi]n. 代理;代表;代理人 v. 代理;代表 小白精批 2025-05-30 0 评论 0 喜欢