搜索

每天更新一篇最新的外刊,双语学习。包含经济学人,读者文摘,今日美国报,泰晤士报,华盛顿邮报,美国新闻与世界报道,时代周刊,卫报,基督教科学箴言报,大西洋月刊,纽约时报,华盛顿邮报等数十种主流外刊
创建于:2024-08-21 16:28:16
圈里有谁
最热
WhyRegularPeopleAreEmbracing$200AIBills为何普通人愿为200美元的AI账单买单Creatinganitineraryforavacation.Planningaworkoutregimetooptimizegains.GeneratingcontentideasforanInstagram-famousdognamedMeatballRavioli.制定度假行程。规划锻炼计划以优化健身效果。为一只名叫 MeatballRavioli 的网红狗构思内容创意。There'snolimitthesedaystotheusesofartificialintelligence.Thetechnologypromisestodoeverythingfaster,smarterandbetterthanhumans.ButfarfromtheexcitementonWallStreetorSiliconValley,everydaypeopleareembracingAI,hopingtomakethemselvesfaster,smarterandbetter.如今,人工智能的用途可谓无穷无尽。这项技术承诺能比人类更快、更聪明、更出色地完成各种任务。然而,在华尔街或硅谷的热闹喧嚣之外,普通人也在拥抱人工智能,期望借此让自己变得更快、更聪明、更优秀。It'sbeenalittlemorethantwoyearssinceOpenAIreleaseditschatbotChatGPT,whichopenedapublicgatewaytoAI.Beforethen,theideaofartificialintelligencefelttechnicalandabstract,reservedforengineersandscientists.自 OpenAI 发布聊天机器人 ChatGPT、为公众打开人工智能的大门以来,已过去两年多时间。在此之前,人工智能的概念显得技术性强且抽象,是工程师和科学家的专属领域。Now,anyonefromstay-at-homemomstofinancialanalystsareusingafloodofappstoresearch,solveproblemsorevensuperchargetheirwork.Infact,morethan35%ofAmericansreportusingsomekindofAI-enabledproductatleastonceaweek,accordingtoarecentGalluppoll.Manyarewillingtopaytoo.如今,从全职妈妈到金融分析师,人人都在使用大量应用程序进行研究、解决问题,甚至提升工作效率。事实上,根据盖洛普最近的一项民意调查,超过35%的美国人表示,他们每周至少使用一次某种人工智能产品。许多人还愿意为此付费。ChatGPThasafreeversionofitsAIchatbot,butuserscanpayupto$200amonthforunlimitedaccesstoitsmoreadvancedmodels.PaidversionsofappslikeAIimagegeneratorMidjourneyandthedesignappCanvaarealsogrowinginpopularity,eachcostingabout$10amonth.Andforpowerusers,thiscanmeanpayingmultiplebills,akintostreamingplatformsforTVshows.Buttothem,thecostisworthwhatfeelslikeextrabrainpower.ChatGPT 的聊天机器人有免费版本,但用户每月最多支付200美元,即可无限访问其更高级的模型。像AI图像生成器 Midjourney 和设计应用 Canva 等应用的付费版本也越来越受欢迎,每月费用约为10美元。对于重度用户来说,这可能意味着要支付多笔账单,就像为观看电视节目而订阅流媒体平台一样。但对他们而言,这笔费用换来的额外“脑力”是值得的。"Peoplearewillingtospendmoneyonthiskindofstuff,"saidVasantDhar,aprofessoratNewYorkUniversity'sSternSchoolofBusiness."Itmakeslifeeasier,betterandtheapplicationsareallacrosstheboard,fromvirtualcompanionstoinvestingadvice."纽约大学斯特恩商学院教授瓦桑特·达尔说:“人们愿意为这类东西花钱,它让生活变得更轻松、更美好,而且应用范围广泛,从虚拟伴侣到投资建议,无所不包。”JessicaValvoinNewJerseyhasbeenusingChatGPTandafewotherappstogetideasforfilmingvideoswithherFrenchbulldog.With19,000followersonInstagram,herdognamedMeatballRavioliisknownforwearingcostumeslikeanAmericanflagontheFourthofJulyoraminisombrerowhileshecooksMexicanfood.新泽西州的杰西卡·瓦尔沃一直在使用 ChatGPT 和其他几款应用程序,为她和她的法国斗牛犬拍摄视频寻找灵感。她在 Instagram 上拥有1.9万名粉丝,她的狗 MeatballRavioli 以在7月4日穿着美国国旗服装或在她做墨西哥菜时戴着迷你墨西哥宽边帽而闻名。ShehopesbyactingonAI-generatedideasandfollowingitsadviceforengaginganaudience,shemightbeabletomonetizeherplatform.AndmoreandmoreshefindsherselfturningtoAIfortipsonrunningherhousehold,likemakingdogtreatstosavemoneyorprolongingthelifeofarugbyputtingicecubesonedgesthathaverolledup.她希望通过采纳人工智能生成的创意并遵循其吸引观众的建议,实现平台变现。而且,她越来越发现自己会向人工智能寻求管理家庭的建议,比如制作狗狗零食以节省开支,或在卷起的地毯边缘放置冰块以延长其使用寿命。"IuseitanytimeIhaveaquestion,"shesaid."I'lljustsay,'givemeideastowashmywindows,'anditwillcomeupwithideas."她说:“我随时有问题都会用它,我会说,‘给我一些擦窗户的主意’,然后它就会给出一些想法。”Forsome,AIcanevenfunctionasapersonalassistantorconsultant.WillFrancis,whoworksasacontentcreatorandeducatorinPeakDistrict,England,spendsabout$80amonthonAIappsoutsideofChatGPT.He'llusethemtodraftemails,transcriberecordings,createandanalyzespreadsheetsandevenmakePowerPointdecks.对一些人来说,人工智能甚至可以充当个人助理或顾问。威尔·弗朗西斯在英国峰区从事内容创作和教育工作,他每月在 ChatGPT 之外的人工智能应用上花费约80美元。他会用这些应用起草电子邮件、转录录音、创建和分析电子表格,甚至制作 PPT。"I'dsayIgetapart-timeassistant'sworthoftime,maybetwodaysaweek,outofAItoolsintotal,"hesaid.The45yearold,who'stryingoutthe$200versionofChatGPT,saysitworksbestasa"co-thinker"foranalysisandspottingpatterns.Butthatitcanalsoofferakindofthoughtfulengagementhedoesn'toftengetelsewhere.Lately,FrancishasbeenusingChatGPTasacareercoach.他说:“我想说,我从人工智能工具中总共获得了相当于兼职助理的时间,可能一周两天吧。”这位45岁的用户正在试用200美元版本的 ChatGPT,他表示,这款工具在分析和发现模式方面表现最佳,堪称“共同思考者”。而且,它还能提供一种他在其他地方很少能得到的深思熟虑的交流。最近,弗朗西斯一直在用 ChatGPT 作为职业导师。"IwilltellitwhatIwanttoachieve;itremembersthat,"saidFrancis."There'ssomethingreallymagicwhenitsaysthatbacktoyou.It'slike,God,youremembered.Like,noonetalkstomelikethatinmyreallife."弗朗西斯说:“我会告诉它我想实现什么,它会记住,当它把你说过的话重复给你听时,真的很神奇。就好像,天哪,你记住了。就好像,在现实生活中,没人这样跟我说过话。”Whetherit'swritingcaptionsforphotosorgeneratingimagesfromtextprompts,AI'svariedusesmakeiteasyforuserstojustifyasubscription.DuncanRogoff,a35yearoldwhoworksinmotiongraphicsinSanFrancisco,sayshepaysabout$50amonthforMidjourney,Anthropic'sAIassistantClaudeandChatGPT'sPlustier.无论是为照片写标题,还是根据文本提示生成图像,人工智能的多样用途让用户很容易为订阅服务找到理由。35岁的邓肯·罗戈夫在旧金山从事动态图形工作,他说,他每月为 Midjourney、Anthropic 的人工智能助理 Claude 以及 ChatGPT 的 Plus 层级支付约50美元。"Itaddsupoverthecourseoftheyear,butIthinkit'sdefinitelyworthit,"hesaid."Itgivesmelotsofideas,anditletsmeexploreandplayaroundandbecreative."他说:“一年下来费用确实不少,但我觉得绝对值得,它给了我很多灵感,让我能够探索、尝试和发挥创造力。”Meanwhile,ShaneLarsoninAnchorage,Alaska,saidhethinkstheAIhepaysforishelpinghimdevelopskillsthatwillgivehimalegupatwork.Hespendsabout$300amonthonAIappsandusesthemontasksrangingfromthecommonplace,likemealplanning,tothesomewhat-controversial:writingbookshethenlistsonAmazon.与此同时,阿拉斯加州安克雷奇的谢恩·拉森表示,他认为自己付费使用的人工智能正在帮助他培养技能,从而在工作中占据优势。他每月在人工智能应用上花费约300美元,并将它们用于各种任务,从日常琐事(如制定饮食计划)到颇具争议的事情(如在亚马逊上出售自己撰写的书籍)。"Somepeoplewouldsay,'that'sacarpayment'or'youcouldbeinvestingthat'andthat'strue,"hesaid."ButwiththeamountoflearningandexperienceIgainfromusingthesetools,itgivesmeanedgethatIthinkisworthitinthelongrun."他说:“有些人会说,‘这相当于一笔车贷’或‘你本可以把这笔钱拿去投资’,这确实没错,但通过使用这些工具,我获得了大量的学习和经验,从长远来看,这给了我一个我认为值得的优势。”
小白精批
Marriedmenmorelikelytobeobesethansingles已婚男性比单身男性更易肥胖Itissometimessaidthatpeopleletthemselvesgoaftergettingmarriedandsettlingdown.Inwhatmightperhapscomeasnosurprisetomanywives,newresearchsuggeststhatthisisindeedthecase — butonlywhenitcomestomen.人们常说,人们在结婚安定下来后就会放任自我。对于许多妻子而言,一项新的研究结果或许并不令人意外——事实确实如此,但仅限于男性。Marriedmenwerefoundtobethreetimesmorelikelytobeobesethansinglemen,whileexpertsfoundnolinkbetweenmarriageandobesityratesinwomen.研究发现,已婚男性肥胖的可能性是单身男性的三倍,而专家并未发现婚姻与女性肥胖率之间存在关联。Thestudy,basedoncouplesinPoland,suggeststhatgivingupabachelorlifestyletakesatollonmen'swaistlines.Theybecomelazierandmoreunhealthy.Althoughwomentendedtoputonabitofweightaftertyingtheknot,therewasnosignificantdifferenceinobesityratesbetweenunmarriedandmarriedwomen.这项基于波兰夫妇的研究表明,放弃单身生活会对男性的腰围造成影响。他们会变得更懒惰、更不健康。尽管女性在结婚后体重往往会略有增加,但未婚女性和已婚女性的肥胖率并无显著差异。Expertssaidthiswasbecausemarriedwomenareundermorepressuretokeepfitandmaintaintheirfigures,as"culturaldifferences"meantheyfacegreaterdiscriminationiftheybecomeobese.专家表示,这是因为已婚女性面临着保持健康和维持身材的更大压力,因为“文化差异”意味着,如果她们变得肥胖,将面临更大的歧视。DrAlicjaCicha-Mikolajczyk,thestudy'sauthor,fromtheNationalInstituteofCardiologyinWarsaw,concludedthatmarriagehasan"undeniableimpact"onratesofobesity.该研究的作者、华沙国家心脏病学研究所的艾丽西亚·西哈-米科拉伊奇克博士得出结论,婚姻对肥胖率有着“不可否认的影响”。Womenaremorelikelytogotothegymorexerciseiftheybeginpilingonthepounds,shesaid."Theattitudeofsocietytowardswomenlivingwithobesityisdifferentcomparedtomen — theyaremoreoftenstigmatised.Weassumethatwomen … cannotacceptlivingwithobesityandtheyaremorelikelythanmentotakevariousactionstoloseweight."她表示,如果女性开始发胖,她们更有可能去健身房或进行锻炼。“社会对肥胖女性的态度与对男性的态度不同——她们更容易受到歧视。我们认为,女性……无法接受肥胖的生活,她们比男性更有可能采取各种行动来减肥。”Thestudy,tobepresentedatthisyear'sEuropeanCongressonObesityinMalaga,Spain,lookedat2,405adultsinPolandwithanaverageageof50.Intotal,26percentwereobese — asimilarratetotheUK — andmarriedmenwere3.2timesmorelikelytobeobesethanunmarriedmen.这项将在今年西班牙马拉加举行的欧洲肥胖大会上公布的研究,对波兰2405名平均年龄为50岁的成年人进行了调查。总体而言,26%的人肥胖——这一比例与英国相似——而已婚男性肥胖的可能性是未婚男性的3.2倍。Expertsbelievethatsinglemenhaveagreaterincentivetostayinshapewhileseekingtoimpressnewpartnersbutthatthesehealthyhabitsslipuponenteringacommittedrelationship.Marriagecanalsoleadtomoresocialoccasionsinvolvingricherfoodsandregularsharedmeals.专家认为,单身男性在寻求给新伴侣留下深刻印象时,有更大的动力保持身材,但这些健康习惯在进入稳定关系后就会逐渐消失。婚姻还可能导致更多的社交场合,涉及更丰富的食物和定期的共享餐食。Lifestylechangesassociatedwithbecomingaparenthavealsobeenlinkedtoweightgain,asfathersmayhavelesstimetogotothegymandgetintothehabitoffinishingofftheirchildren'sfood.与为人父母相关的生活方式变化也与体重增加有关,因为父亲们可能没有太多时间去健身房,还养成了吃孩子剩饭的习惯。Whilemarriagemaybebadforthewaistline,evidenceshowsthatingeneralitisgoodforhealth,particularlytheheart.Marriagehelpspeopletobeactiveandlesslonelyinoldage,whilehavingaspousealsoencouragespeopletotakemedicine,exerciseandcutdownonunhealthyhabits.虽然婚姻可能对腰围不利,但有证据表明,总体而言,婚姻对健康有益,尤其是对心脏有益。婚姻有助于人们在老年时保持活跃、减少孤独感,而拥有配偶也会鼓励人们服药、锻炼并减少不健康习惯。Researchintothehealthimpactofmarriagehasconsistentlyhighlightedotherdifferencesbetweenthesexes.Forexample,men'shealthismoreseverelyaffectedbylosingtheirwivesthanwomenarebylosingtheirhusbands.对婚姻健康影响的研究一直强调两性之间的其他差异。例如,与女性失去丈夫相比,男性失去妻子对健康的影响更为严重。
小白精批
Expertsshareperfecttemperaturetogetbestnight'ssleepofyourlife专家分享能让你睡个好觉的最佳温度Weallhaveourlittleritualsbeforebed – someofusunwindwithahotshower,othersdiveintoagoodbook,andsomejustscrollthroughtheirphonesuntiltheycan'tkeeptheireyesopen.我们睡前都有自己的一些小习惯——有些人会洗个热水澡放松身心,有些人会沉浸在一本好书中,还有些人则会刷手机,直到困得睁不开眼。Butwhatiftheonethingwe'vebeendoingeverynightisactuallysabotagingourchancesofarestfulsleep?Anewstudyhasuncoveredasurprisingmistakemanyofusmakewithoutevenrealisingit,anditcouldbethekeytowhetheryouwakeupfeelingrefreshedorgroggy.但如果我们每晚都在做的事情实际上在破坏我们获得安稳睡眠的机会呢?一项新研究揭示了我们许多人甚至没有意识到的惊人错误,而这个错误可能就是决定你醒来时是神清气爽还是昏昏沉沉的关键。ResearchersfromtheHindaandArthurMarcusInstituteforAgingResearchintheUSrecordedtheresultsfrom50peopleaged65andoverforayearandahalf.Throughsleepmonitors,theywereabletoseehowtheirsurroundings,specificallytemperature,impactedtheirqualityofsleep.美国欣达与亚瑟·马库斯衰老研究所的研究人员对50名65岁及以上的人进行了为期一年半的跟踪研究。通过睡眠监测仪,他们能够观察到周围环境,尤其是温度,对睡眠质量的影响。Afteranalysing11,000nightsofsleepintotal,itwasconcludedthatparticipantshadthemostefficientsleepwhenthebedroomtemperaturewasbetween20and25C(68and77F).Duringthistemperaturerange,itsparticipantswereattheirleastrestless,with20C(68F)averagingoutasthebesttemperaturewhenstudiedagainsthoursslept.在分析了总共1.1万个夜晚的睡眠数据后,研究人员得出结论:当卧室温度在20℃-25℃(即68℉-77℉)之间时,参与者的睡眠效率最高。在这个温度范围内,参与者的睡眠最为安稳,其中20℃(即68℉)在结合睡眠时长进行研究时,平均被认为是最适宜的温度。Themostrestlesssleepoccurredwhentemperaturesincreasedto30Cwhenafiveto10percentdropinsleepefficiencywasrecorded.WritinginthejournalScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,theresearcherssaid:"Overall,ourfindingsindicateanoptimalrangeoftemperature,wherebysleepwasmostefficientandrestfulwhennighttimeambienttemperaturewasbetween20and25C.当温度升高到30℃时,睡眠最不安稳,此时睡眠效率下降了5%-10%。研究人员在《整体环境科学》期刊上写道:“总体而言,我们的研究结果表明存在一个最佳温度范围,当夜间环境温度在20℃-25℃之间时,睡眠最为高效且安稳。”"Ourobservationspointtoanexcitingopportunitytopotentiallyimprovesleepwithintheolderadultpopulationbycreatingamorecomfortablehomeenvironment,"researchersrevealed.研究人员透露道:“我们的观察结果指向了一个令人兴奋的机会,即通过营造更舒适的家庭环境,有可能改善老年人群体的睡眠质量。”Itcomesafteraseparatestudyrevealedtheperfectamountofsleepyouneedeachnight,frommiddletooldage,inordertohelpwithcognitivefunctionandmentalhealth.此前,另一项研究揭示了从中年到老年,每晚获得完美睡眠时长对认知功能和心理健康的帮助。Thestudylookedatthesleepinghabitsofalmost500,000adultsfromtheagesof38to73anddiscoveredthatsevenhoursofsleepwastheoptimaldurationneededforpeoplewithinthatagerange.该研究调查了近50万名年龄在38至73岁之间的成年人的睡眠习惯,发现对于这个年龄段的人来说,七小时的睡眠是最佳时长。Inthestudy,CambridgeUniversity'sDepartmentofPsychiatryProfessor,BarbaraSahakian,explained:"Foreveryhourthatyoumovedawayfromsevenhours,yougotworse.It'sveryclearthattheprocessesthatgooninourbrainduringsleepareveryimportantformaintainingourphysicalandmentalhealth."在这项研究中,剑桥大学精神病学系教授芭芭拉·萨哈基安解释道:“你每偏离七小时睡眠一小时,状态就会变差。很明显,我们大脑在睡眠期间进行的各种过程对于维持我们的身心健康至关重要。”Gettingagoodnight'ssleep,sheadded,wasimportantatallstagesoflife,butparticularlyaspeopleaged."Ithinkitisasimportantasgettingexercise."她补充道,在人生的各个阶段,获得良好的睡眠都很重要,尤其是随着年龄的增长。“我认为这和锻炼一样重要。”Whilemanyexpertshavepreviouslyadvisedgettingeighthoursofsleep,thestudyconcludedthatthiscouldbejustasdetrimentalasgettinginsufficientsleep.尽管许多专家此前建议每天要睡八小时,但这项研究得出结论,睡眠时间过长可能和睡眠不足一样有害。Agoodamountofsleepisvitaltoenableday-to-daycognitivefunction – includingprocessingspeed,memory,problem-solvingabilities,andvisualattention – andbothasurplusofsleeportoolittlecanimpactthis.充足的睡眠对于日常认知功能至关重要,包括处理速度、记忆力、解决问题的能力以及视觉注意力等,睡眠过多或过少都会对其产生影响。
小白精批
Peoplewhoareconstantlydistractedbytheirphonesatworkwilljustfindotherwaystoprocrastinateifitisn'thandy工作时总因手机分心的人,即便手机不在手边,也会找其他方式拖延Puttingyoursmartphoneawayatworkmaynotbeagoodenoughstrategytostopprocrastinating,researcherssaidthisweek.Whilelimitedsmartphoneaccessledtoreduceduse,participantsofarecentstudywerefoundtohavejustshiftedtheirfocustoadifferentdevice.研究人员本周表示,工作时把手机收起来可能并不足以阻止拖延行为。尽管限制使用手机确实能减少使用时间,但最近一项研究的参与者被发现只是将注意力转移到了其他设备上。"Thestudyshowsthatputtingthesmartphoneawaymaynotbesufficienttoreducedisruptionandprocrastination,orincreasefocus,"Dr.MaxiHeitmayer,aresearcherattheLondonSchoolofEconomics,saidinastatement."Theproblemisnotrootedwithinthedeviceitself,butinthehabitsandroutinesthatwehavedevelopedwithourdevices."伦敦政治经济学院的研究员马克西·海特迈尔博士在一份声明中说:“研究表明,把手机收起来可能不足以减少干扰和拖延,或提高专注力,问题并不在于设备本身,而在于我们与设备共同养成的习惯和日常行为。”Heitmayeristheauthorofthestudy,whichwaspublishedinthejournalFrontiersinComputerScience.Thesmallexperimentincluded22participantswholivedandworkedorstudiedinLondon.Themajorityidentifiedasfemaleandwerebetweentheagesof22and31.海特迈尔是这项发表在《计算机科学前沿》杂志上的研究的作者。这项小型实验包括22名在伦敦生活、工作或学习的参与者。大多数人自认为是女性,年龄在22岁至31岁之间。Theywereaskedtoworkfortwodaysinaprivate,soundproofroomandbringalongdevicestheynormallyhavewiththemforwork.Notably,theydidnotmakeanychangestotheirnotificationsettings.他们被要求在一个私密的隔音房间里工作两天,并带上他们平时工作时会携带的设备。值得注意的是,他们没有更改通知设置。Inonetest,thephoneswereplaceddirectlyontheparticipants'desks.Inanother,thephonewasplacedonaseparatedeskjustaroundfivefeetaway.Whenthephonewasfurtheraway,researchersfounditwasusedless,buttheattentionjustshiftedtothecloserlaptop.在一项测试中,手机被直接放在参与者的桌子上。在另一项测试中,手机被放在大约五英尺外的另一张桌子上。当手机放得更远时,研究人员发现它的使用频率降低了,但注意力只是转移到了更近的笔记本电脑上。"It'syourconnectionwithlovedonesandwithwork.It'syournavigationsystem,alarmclock,musicplayer,andsourceofinformation.Unsurprisingly,peopleturntothetoolthatdoeseverything,"Heitmayernoted."Evenifyouhavenoclearpurpose,youknowithasyoursocialsandcanprovideentertainment."海特迈尔指出:“它与你的亲人、工作联系息息相关。它是你的导航系统、闹钟、音乐播放器和信息来源。毫不奇怪,人们会求助于这个无所不能的工具,即使你没有明确的目的,你也知道它连接着你的社交网络,还能提供娱乐。”Therearethingspeoplecandotofightthedisruptions.Theycansettheirnotificationstoarriveatcertaintimes.Theycansilencetheirphones.人们可以采取一些措施来对抗这些干扰。他们可以将通知设置为在特定时间接收,也可以将手机调至静音。But,thepullisprettystrong – especiallywiththeallureofsocialmediaapps.Morethan40percentofAmericansadmitbeingaddictedtotheirphones,accordinga2023studyfromReviews.org.但手机的吸引力相当大——尤其是社交媒体应用的诱惑。根据 Reviews.org2023年的一项研究,超过40%的美国人承认自己对手机上瘾。"Thereisaveryunequalbattlefoughtouteverysingledaybyeachandeveryoneofuswhenweuseourphones,"Heitmayerexplained.海特迈尔解释说:“当我们使用手机时,我们每一个人每天都在进行一场非常不平等的战斗。”"Thethingsinsidephonesthatarethebiggestattentionsinksaredevelopedbylargecorporationswhogreatlyprofitfromourfailuretoresistthetemptationtousethem;allofthisisliterallybydesign,"hesaid.他说:“手机里那些最吸引我们注意力的东西,是由大公司开发的,它们从我们无法抵制使用诱惑的失败中获得了巨大利润;所有这些都是经过精心设计的。”
小白精批
Low-leveldrinkershaveincreasedcancerandcardiovascularrisk,studyfinds研究发现,少量饮酒也会增加患癌和心血管疾病风险Low-leveldrinkingcanincreaseyourchancesofcancerandcardiovasculardisease,accordingtoanewstudy.ResearchconductedbytheBehaviouralInsightsTeam,onbehalfofthecharityAlcoholChangeUK,examinedthedrinkinghabitsofmorethan4,000UKadults.一项新的研究发现,少量饮酒会增加患癌和心血管疾病的风险。受英国酒精改变慈善机构委托,行为洞察团队对4000多名英国成年人的饮酒习惯展开了调查。ItfoundthatpeoplewhoconsumedalcoholwithintheNHSguidelineshadworsehealththannon-drinkers.Comparedtopeoplewhoneverconsumedalcohol,ratesofcardiovasculardiseaseincreasedfrom1%to5%,andforcancer,itwentfrom1%to4%.研究发现,饮酒量在国民保健署建议范围内的人,其健康状况比不饮酒的人更差。与从不饮酒的人相比,心血管疾病发病率从1%上升到5%,癌症发病率从1%上升到4%。Thestudyalsofound"low-risk"drinkersreportedreducedsleepquality,worsedailyfunctioning,andpoorerdentalhealth,comparedtothosewhoneverconsumealcohol.Withmorethan30millionpeopleintheUKdrinkingattheselevels,campaignersarecallingforpeopletorethinktheirhabits.研究还发现,与从不饮酒的人相比,“低风险”饮酒者报告称,他们的睡眠质量下降、日常功能受损、牙齿健康状况也更差。由于英国有3000多万人饮酒量处于这一水平,活动人士呼吁人们重新思考自己的饮酒习惯。DrRichardPiper,chiefexecutiveofAlcoholChangeUK,said:"Fordecades,we'vefallenpreytoabinarybutfalseideathat'drinkingproblems'onlyaffectaminorityofpeoplewithalcoholdependence.Butasthisresearchmakesclear,alcoholistakingatollonourhealthandwellbeingrightacrossthedrinkingspectrum,evenat'low-risk'levels."英国酒精改变慈善机构首席执行官理查德·派珀博士表示:“几十年来,我们一直陷入了一个二元但错误的观念,即‘饮酒问题’只影响少数有酒精依赖的人。但正如这项研究所表明的,酒精正在对整个饮酒人群的健康和福祉造成损害,即便是‘低风险’水平的饮酒。”TheNHSrecommendsthatpeopleshouldnotconsumemorethansixpintsofmedium-strengthbeeror10smallglassesoflower-strengthwineaweek,butscientistswarnthatitisthewaysomepeopleconsumethosevolumesofalcoholwhichcanbeproblematicfortheirhealth.国民保健署建议,人们每周饮酒量不应超过6品脱中等强度啤酒或10小杯低度葡萄酒,但科学家警告称,一些人饮酒的方式可能对他们的健康构成问题。ProfessorDavidNutt,aformergovernmentchiefdrugsadviser,saidsomeview14unitsaweekasatargetandothersbingedrink.Therearepeoplewhothink,'I'vegot14units,IcanhavesevendrinksonaFriday,sevenonaSaturday,that'sokay'.前政府首席毒品顾问戴维·纳特教授表示,有些人将每周14个酒精单位视为目标,而另一些人则酗酒。有些人会想,‘我有14个酒精单位,我可以在周五喝7杯,周六再喝7杯,这没关系’。Weknowthatdrinkingthemaximumallowanceinoneortwogoesisverydangerous.Thatiswherethedatabecomesquitecomplicatedbecausesomeoftheharmsareundoubtedlymagnifiedbybingedrinkingwithinthatlow-riskweeklylevel.我们知道,一次性或分两次喝完最大允许饮酒量是非常危险的。数据变得相当复杂,因为在低风险每周饮酒量内,酗酒无疑会放大一些危害。NathanEades,37,runstwohigh-endpubsinCheltenhamandusedtoregularlydrinklargequantitiesofalcohol,buthasrecentlychangedhishabits.37岁的内森·伊兹在切尔滕纳姆经营着两家高端酒吧,他过去经常大量饮酒,但最近改变了自己的习惯。"Beingabletocutalcoholfromhavingfive,sixpintsattheendofashifttomaybeonevodkasoda,twovodkasodasaweekhasreallyhelpedbenefitusasabusinessandmeasaperson,"hesaid."Afteryouhaveprobablyhadonetoomany,howdoyourfamilytakeit?Howareyourco-workersinteractingwithyou?Howaretheyfeelingwithyourmoodswings,brainfogandirrationality?Thatistheareawhichweallneedtobeabitmoremindfulof."他说:“能够从每班结束后喝五六品脱酒,减少到每周可能只喝一两杯伏特加苏打水,这真的对我们的生意和我个人都有好处。在你可能喝得太多之后,你的家人会怎么看待你?你的同事会怎么与你互动?他们对你情绪波动、头脑不清醒和不理智的行为有何感受?这是我们都需要更加留意的地方。”AlcoholChangeUKiscallingonthegovernmenttointroducehealthrisklabellingonalcoholaswellasmarketingrestrictionssothatpeoplehavemoreinformationaboutwhattheyareconsumingandarenotsoregularlybeingencouragedtobuydrinks.ButdrinkersincentralLondonsaidthattheywerescepticalthatlabellingwouldhelp.英国酒精改变慈善机构呼吁政府推出酒精健康风险标签以及营销限制措施,以便人们能更了解自己所饮用的酒精饮品,并且不会经常被诱导购买酒类。但伦敦市中心的饮酒者表示,他们对标签是否有用持怀疑态度。Onesaidthat"everynowandthenit'squitenicetoenjoyadrinkandnotworryaboutit...sometimesyouputtoomanywarningsandconstantlytellingpeoplethateverything'sbadforthemisalsodangerous".其中一人表示:“偶尔享受一杯酒,不用担心……有时候过多的警告和不断告诉人们一切对他们都有害也是危险的。”Anothersaidpeopleare"generallystuckinourhabits.IhaveadrinkafewtimesaweekandIknowdrinking'snotgoodforme,sosomethingonabottlesaying'drinking'snotgoodforyou',Idon'tthinkwillchangethat".另一人表示,人们“通常都困在自己的习惯里。我每周会喝几次酒,我知道喝酒对我不好,所以酒瓶上写着‘喝酒对你不好’,我不认为这会改变什么”。Athirdsaiddrinkingalcoholwas"acalculatedrisk"formostpeople."Peoplearen'tgoingintherehavingapinttobehealthy,they'regoingintheretohavefunandhangoutwithfriends,"theysaid.还有一个人表示,对大多数人来说,饮酒是“一种经过计算的风险”。他们说:“人们喝酒不是为了健康,而是为了找乐子和与朋友聚会。”ADepartmentofHealthandSocialCarespokespersonsaid:"Werecognisetheneedforurgentactiontoreversetheunacceptablelevelsofalcoholharmanddeaths.AspartofourPlanforChange,weareshiftingourfocusfromsicknesstoprevention,prioritisingearlyinterventionandhealthmeasurestosupportpeopletolivelonger,healthierlivesacrosstheUK."英国卫生与社会保障部发言人表示:“我们认识到,需要采取紧急行动来扭转不可接受的酒精危害和死亡水平。作为我们变革计划的一部分,我们正在将重点从治疗转向预防,优先考虑早期干预和健康措施,以支持全英国人民过上更长、更健康的生活。”
小白精批