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创建于:2024-08-21 16:28:16
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Barebranches光棍危机China’salarmingseximbalance令人担忧的性别失衡问题“OfcourseIwanttogetmarried,”saysFu,alorrydriverinYiyang,a far-flung countyinJiangxiprovince.Onceamigrantworker,the36-year-oldreturnedtothevillagetolivewithhisageingparents.Theyareanxiousforhimto tietheknot.“Buttherearefewwomen,”hesighs.Theeligiblegirlsaroundhimareallspokenfor;othershavelefttoworkincities.“我当然想结婚,”来自江西省偏远县城益阳的卡车司机傅师傅说道。现年36岁的他曾是一名农民工,如今回到村里与年迈的父母同住。父母都盼着他早日成家。“但村里姑娘太少了,”他无奈地叹了口气。身边适龄女孩大多已名花有主,剩下的也都进城打工去了。Fu’splightisnotuncommon.Menlikehimareknownas guanggun—barebranches,unabletobearfruit.Theirnumbersbegantoincreasemorethanadecadeago.Butthescaleoftheproblemisnowbecomingclear. 傅师傅的困境并非个例。像他这样的男性被称为“光棍”——无法开枝散叶的“枯枝”。这类群体自十余年前开始激增,而如今问题的严重性已清晰可见。TheEconomist hasanalyseddatafromtheUN’sWorldPopulationProspects,a biennial report,andfromChina’s2020census.Thedatarevealthatthesexratio—thenumberofmenforevery100women—amongmenaged23-37andwomenaged22-36willhitapeakof119by2027.(Thosearetheagesbetweenwhich80%ofeachsexgetsmarried.)Itisthenpredictedtoremainhighfordecades.In2012theratiowasjust105.本刊分析了联合国《世界人口展望》双年度报告以及中国2020年人口普查数据:预计到2027年,23-37岁男性与22-36岁女性性别比将达到119:100的峰值。(此年龄段覆盖了80%的适婚人群。)预计未来数十年内,这一比例都将维持高位。而在2012年,这一比例仅为105:100。Thatmeansthatin2027therewillbe22.5mmorementhanwomeninthosecohorts,byfarthelargestnumberof“surplus”youngmaleseverrecordedanywhere.Whatismore,theshareofunmarriedmenaged25-39shotupfrom13%to30%from2006to2022.这意味着到2027年,该年龄段男性将比女性多出2250万人,创下全球范围内“剩男”数量的历史纪录。更严峻的是,2006年至2022年间,25-39岁未婚男性的比例从13%飙升至30%。Itwasbroughtaboutbythearrivalinthe1980sofcheapultrasoundmachines,whichallowedparentsacrossAsiatotellthesexoftheirunbornchild.Thewidespreadpreferenceforsonsopenedthedoortosex-selective abortions.InSouthKoreathesexratioatbirthhitabriefpeakof117in1994,beforefallingto106in2012,whereithasroughlyremained.InIndiaitwas109aslateas2010(in2024itwas107).IndevelopedcountrieslikeAmericaandBritain,itwasaround105in2024.危机源于1980年代廉价超声设备的普及,使亚洲父母得以检测胎儿性别。重男轻女传统催生了选择性堕胎。韩国新生儿性别比曾在1994年短暂达到117峰值,2012年回落至106后保持稳定;印度该数值2010年仍高达109(2024年为107);英美等发达国家2024年约为105。InChinatheproblemwasmadeworsebydemographicengineering.In1973thecountrybegantryingtoreduceitspopulationwiththe“later,longerandfewer”campaign.Thiswasfollowedbythe draconian one-childpolicyin1979.Beinggivenjustonechancedramaticallyloweredcouples’chancesofhavingaboynaturally,andfurtherincentivisedsexselection.Asaresult,Chinahassufferedbyfartheworstimbalanceinitssexratioatbirth.在中国,人口调控政策进一步加剧了这一问题。1973年推行的“晚、稀、少”生育政策以及1979年严格推行的独生子女政策,使家庭自然生育男孩的几率骤降,性别选择愈演愈烈。这导致中国新生儿性别失衡程度远超他国。Nowthatthoseboysaregrownup,migrationisaddingtotheirwoes.The2020censusshowedthesexratioforyoungadultswas106inurbanareasand120inruralones.Youngruralwomenwhomovetothecityoftenmarryricherurbanmen.Butchangingsocial mores aroundmarriagemeanmanybetter-educatedurbanwomendonotwanttogetmarriedatall,letalonetoruralmen,shrinkingthedatingpoolyetfurther. 如今,这些男孩已长大成人,而人口流动又加剧了他们的婚恋困境。2020年人口普查数据显示,城市地区青年人口性别比为106,农村地区则高达120。进城务工的农村女性往往选择嫁给条件更优越的城市男性,而社会观念的转变又让许多高学历城市女性不愿结婚,更遑论嫁给农村男性,这使得适婚人群进一步减少。StatisticsreleasedonFebruary8thshowedthatthenumberofmarriagesinChinain2024fellby20%fromthepreviousyear,to6.1m.Thatislessthanhalfthenumberregisteredin2013,andthelowestnumbersincethe1980s.2月8日公布的数据显示,2024年中国结婚登记数较上年下降20%,仅为610万对,不足2013年登记量的一半,创下1980年代以来新低。Some guanggunareresignedtotheirfate.Guo,a38-year-oldmusicianinShangrao,neartoFu’svillage,hasbeenonacoupleofblinddates.Onone,hemetanoverachieverwhostudiedinGermanyandworkedasamanagerforacarcompany.Itwas“useless”,hesays.Onanotherdate,thewoman“scrutinisedmyfamilybackgroundasifitwereabusinessdeal”.一些光棍已经认命。上饶38岁音乐人郭先生(与傅师傅邻村)经历过数次相亲,但都无果而终。一次遇到留德归来的汽车公司女高管,郭先生坦言“根本不可能”,还有一次遭遇女方“像谈生意一样盘问我的家底”。Aswomengrowscarcertheyalsobecomemorevaluable.Brideprices(apaymentfromthegroom’sfamilytothebride’stosealthemarriage)havesoared.OnesurveyinLiaoning,anorth-easternprovince,foundthatthebridepriceinruralareasjumpedfrom68,000yuan($9,000)in2016to176,000yuanin2020,adjustingforinflation.Another,across11provinces,foundthatcostsofmarriage(includingexpenseslikehousingandmatchmaking)forruralmaleswere7.6timeshigherafter2010thanbefore2000.随着女性资源愈发稀缺,其“身价”也水涨船高。彩礼(男方家庭向女方家庭支付的聘礼)不断攀升。东北某省的一项调查显示,农村地区彩礼金额从2016年的6.8万元(约合9000美元)飙升至2020年的17.6万元(按通胀调整后)。另一项覆盖11个省份的调查发现,2010年后农村男性的结婚成本(包括购房、婚介等费用)是2000年前的7.6倍。Theshortageofwomenhashadotherside-effects.BetweenJulyandDecemberof2018theChinesegovernment,workingwithpoliceinMyanmar,Cambodia,Laos,VietnamandThailand,jointlyrescued1,130foreignwomenwhohadbeentraffickedintoChinatobemarried.TheCommunistParty,obsessedwithsocialstability,alsoworriesalotaboutrootlessyoungmenwithnofamilyprospects.性别失衡还引发了一系列连锁反应。2018年7月至12月,中国政府联合缅甸、柬埔寨、老挝、越南、泰国警方,共解救了1130名被拐卖至中国成婚的外籍女性。对中国而言,这些无家无业的年轻男性不仅威胁社会稳定,更是一颗潜在的“定时炸弹”。Theratioinyoungadultswillremainabove115wellintothe2040s.Themainhopeisthat,sincepeakinginthemid-2000s,thesexratioatbirthhasdeclined.Culturalchangesandfemaleeconomicempowermenthavechippedawayatcouples’preferenceforsons.Eventually,thenumbersofyoungmenandwomencouldequalise.Butthatwillcomeaslittleconsolationfortoday’sruralbachelors.预计到2040年代,中国青年人口性别比仍将维持在115以上。唯一的好消息是,出生人口性别比自2005年中期达到峰值后已开始回落。随着文化观念的转变和女性经济地位的提升,人们对男孩的偏好正在逐渐减弱,未来男女比例有望趋于平衡。但对当下的农村光棍而言,这不过是远水难解近渴的安慰。(红色标注词为重难点词汇)重难点词汇:far-flung [ˌfɑːr ˈflʌŋ]adj. 广布的;遥远的tietheknot 结婚;喜结连理biennial [baɪˈeniəl]adj. 两年一次的abortion [əˈbɔːrʃn]n. 流产;堕胎;夭折draconian [drəˈkoʊniən]adj. 严苛的;严厉的;苛刻的mores [ˈmɔːreɪz]n. 习俗;风尚;道德规范
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NearlyoneinthreeUKadultshavehadtheirphonestolen近三分之一的英国成年人曾遭遇手机被盗NearlyoneinthreepeopleintheUKhavehadtheirmobilephonestolen.AstudybyNukeFromOrbit,afintechstart-up,hasrevealedthat29percentofUKadultshavebeenvictimsofphonetheft,upfrom17percentin2023.近三分之一的英国人曾有过手机被盗的经历。金融科技初创公司NukeFromOrbit的一项研究显示,29%的英国成年人曾是手机盗窃案的受害者,这一比例较2023年的17%有所上升。Theresultshavesparkedanxietyoverdigitalsecurityandcausedadropintrustinthepolice.这一结果引发了人们对数字安全的担忧,并导致公众对警方的信任度下降。"Thecurrentsolutions — andthepoliceresponse — simplydonotmatchthescaleoftheproblem,"JamesO'Sullivan,thestart-up'schiefexecutive,toldtheFinancialTimes."Theftsarerising,personalsecurityislackingandusersarestuckinriskyhabits."该初创公司的首席执行官詹姆斯·奥沙利文(JamesO'Sullivan)在接受《金融时报》采访时表示:“目前的解决方案——以及警方的应对措施——根本无法与问题的规模相匹配,盗窃案频发,个人安全缺乏保障,而用户仍保持着危险的使用习惯。”Nearly50percentofpeoplereportedthattheyweremostconcernedaboutunauthorisedaccesstotheirbankaccountsanddigitalphonewallets.近50%的人表示,他们最担心的是有人未经授权访问他们的银行账户和数字手机钱包。O'Sullivanlaunchedhisstart-upafterhisownphonewasstolenandthecompanyisnowworkingonsoftwaretoimprovephonesecurity,withplanstolaunchaproductlaterthisyear.奥沙利文自己的手机被盗后,创立了这家初创公司。目前,该公司正在开发一款旨在提升手机安全性的软件,并计划于今年晚些时候推出产品。Thenewproductwillfeaturea"killswitch"thatwillgiveusersachancetoremotelydisablealllinkedappsontheirmobilephoneandfreezetheiraccountsfromanotherdevice.这款新产品将配备一个“紧急关闭开关”,使用户有机会远程禁用手机上所有已关联的应用程序,并从另一台设备上冻结他们的账户。Nearly35percentofthosesurveyedsaidthattheyusethesameorsimilarPinsformultipleappsontheirphone.Thieveshavebeentakingadvantageofthelackofdigitalprotectiononmobilephones,withrecordnumbersbeingstoleneachyear.近35%的受访者表示,他们在手机上的多个应用程序中使用相同或相似的密码。由于每年被盗的手机数量创下新高,窃贼们正利用手机数字保护不足的漏洞实施盗窃。Youngpeoplearethemostvulnerabletoopportunisticphonesnatchers,with71percentusingtheirmobileinpublicmultipletimesaday,accordingtoNukeFromOrbit.据NukeFromOrbit称,年轻人最容易成为机会主义扒手的目标,71%的年轻人每天多次在公共场合使用手机。Only24percentofthosewhohadphonesstolenreportedtheftstothepoliceimmediately,insteadchoosingtocontacttheirbanksandmobilecarriers.在遭遇手机被盗的人中,只有24%的人立即向警方报案,而不是选择联系银行和移动运营商。O'Sullivansaid:"Theonlyreasonpeoplegotothepoliceisifit'srequiredforgettingtheirmoneybackfromthebank.Beingproactive,whereyou'rereducingthewindowtopotentialfraudismuchbetterthantryingtogetbacktheultimatelyquitereplaceabledevice."奥沙利文表示:“人们选择向警方报案的唯一原因,是银行要求他们这样做以追回资金。主动采取措施,减少潜在欺诈的风险,远比试图找回最终可替换的设备要好得多。”However,61percentwhohadnotbeenvictimssaidthattheirfirsttaskwouldbetocontactthepolice.然而,在未遭遇过手机被盗的人中,61%的人表示,他们会做的第一件事是联系警方。
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Dobansonsmartphonesinschoolsimprovementalhealth?校园手机禁令真能改善心理健康?Whattheearlyevidencesuggestsabouttheeffectonstudents初步研究揭示的禁令效果如何Francehasnotallowedsmartphoneuseinprimaryorsecondaryschoolssince2018,claimingthatitwouldhelpchildrenfocus,reducetheirsocial-mediauseand mitigate onlinebullying. 自2018年起,法国全面禁止中小学生在校使用智能手机,旨在提升学生专注力、减少社交媒体依赖并遏制网络霸凌。TheNetherlandsinitiatedasimilarbaninJanuary2024.Hungaryfollowedsuitlaterthatyear.LegislatorsinBritainareconsideringsimilarmeasures.Thekeyquestionfacingthemiswhetherbanningsmartphonesinschoolsoffersanybenefitstomentalhealth.荷兰于2024年1月跟进类似禁令,匈牙利同年也随之效仿。英国立法机构现正考虑同类措施。这项措施的核心争议在于:校园手机禁令是否真能带来心理健康效益?Thatthereisaproblemseemsclear.In2021America’ssurgeongeneralcompiledareportrevealingthatpersistentfeelingsofhopelessnessclimbedby40%amongAmericanhigh-schoolpupilsbetween2009and2019.Thenumberwhoseriouslyconsideredkillingthemselveswentupby36%.Whatmakesthesefindingsalltheworseisthat48%ofmental-healthproblems(likedepressionandanxiety)thatemergeduringadolescencewill plague peoplefortherestoftheirlives.青少年心理健康危机已是不争事实。2021年美国卫生局局长编制的报告显示,2009至2019年间,美国高中生产生持续性绝望感者激增40%,产生严重自杀意念者增加36%。更令人担忧的是,48%的青春期心理健康问题(如抑郁和焦虑)将伴随患者终身。Itistemptingtoconnectthesetrendswiththeincreasedavailabilityofsmartphones,butestablishingacausalconnectionisdifficult.Partoftheproblemisthatsmartphonescontainmultitudes.Usingasmartphonetosolvecrosswordsorreadthenewsmaywellhavemarkedlydifferentpsychologicaleffectsfromintensivesocial-mediause.虽然这些趋势看似与智能手机普及存在关联,但建立因果联系困难重重。关键在于智能手机功能的多面性:用手机玩填字游戏或浏览新闻,与不停地刷社交媒体相比,其心理影响判若云泥。Childrenarenolessvaried.Thebrain undergoes profoundchangesduring puberty,meaningthatanyresearchontheeffectsofsmartphoneuseneedstoconsiderthedevelopmentalageofthechildrenbeingstudiedaswellastheirprecisesmartphonehabits.青少年群体本就存在显著个体差异。青春期大脑经历剧烈重塑,这意味着相关研究必须同时考量受试者的发育阶段与具体使用习惯。Nostudieshavegotthisspecific.Thosethathavecomeclose,however,revealthatunfetteredaccesstosocialmediaonsmartphonesduringpuberty,especiallyatcriticalmomentswhenthe brainis changing,maycauseproblems.Onestudy,ledbyAmyOrbenattheUniversityofCambridge,asked17,409peoplebetweentheagesoftenand21howsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirlivesandhowmuchtheyusedsocialmedia. 现有研究尚未细致至此。不过接近这类标准的研究显示,青春期(尤其是在大脑发育关键期)无节制使用社交媒体可能引发问题。剑桥大学艾米·奥尔本领导的研究团队对10-21岁年龄段的17409名受试者进行了生活满意度与社交媒体使用频率的追踪调查。Thefindings,reportedin2022in NatureCommunications,showthatgirlswhoincreasedtheirsocialmediauseoverthecourseofayearweresignificantlylesssatisfiedwiththeirlivesiftheincreasetookplacewhentheywerebetween11and13.Boysshowedthesametrendwhenincreasestookplacewhentheywere14or15yearsold.相关成果于2022年发表在《自然·通讯》上,研究结果显示,当女孩在11-13岁期间增加社交媒体使用时,其生活满意度会显著下降;男孩则在14-15岁呈现相同趋势。Howmuchofthiswillchangebybanningphonesinschoolsisunclear.Inapaperpublishedinthe LancetinFebruary,VictoriaGoodyearattheUniversityofBirminghamcomparedthementalwell-beingofstudentsinschoolsthatimplementedrestrictivesmartphonepolicieswiththosewithrelaxedpolicies.Shealsomonitoredoverallscreentime. 校园禁令的实际效果仍存疑。伯明翰大学维多利亚·古德伊尔今年2月在《柳叶刀》发表了一篇论文,对比了实施严格手机管制政策与宽松政策学校的学生心理健康状况,同时监测了总体屏幕使用时间。Herresultsshowthat,thoughthosewhospentmoretimeonasmartphoneoveralldidhaveadeclineinmentalwell-being,therewasnodifferencebetweenthetwogroups.Sheandhercolleaguesarguethatsettinguppoliciesatschoolsaloneissimplynotenough.结果显示,虽然整体屏幕使用时间越长,心理健康水平确实越低,但两组学生之间并未表现出显著差异。研究团队认为,单纯依靠校园政策收效有限。Researchersaretryingtopaintacompletepicturewithbothhandstiedbehindtheirback.AccordingtoDrOrben,social-mediacompaniesroutinelyrefusetogiveindependentresearchersaccesstodetaileddataonthebehavioursoftheirusers. 研究人员在数据受限的情况下艰难拼凑全貌。据奥尔本博士透露,社交媒体公司常以各种理由拒绝向独立研究者提供用户行为细节数据,迫使研究人员只能依赖总体屏幕时间这类粗略的替代指标。Thisforcesresearcherstorelyonlessaccurate proxy measures,likeoverallscreentime.Italsomeansthatchildrenplayingeducationalgamesarebeingputinthesameanalyticalbinaschildrenwhoareonsocialmedia.Amore nuanced pictureoftheeffectsofsmartphonesneedstobedrawn.这导致教育软件使用者与社交媒体沉迷者被归入同一分析范畴。要准确评估智能手机影响,亟需更精细的研究框架。(红色标注词为重难点词汇)重难点词汇:mitigate [ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt]v. 减轻;缓解;缓和(不利影响、痛苦等)plague [pleɪɡ]n. 瘟疫;灾祸;麻烦事 v. 困扰;折磨;使受煎熬undergo [ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ]v. 经历;经受;遭受(变化、苦难等)puberty [ˈpjuːbəti]n. 青春期;发育期proxy [ˈprɒksi]n. 代理人;代表;委托书;替代物 adj. 代理的;代办的nuanced [ˈnjuːɑːnst]adj. 有细微差别的;具有微妙特征的;表达细腻的
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Potatoesstayfreshforfivemonthsifstoredincertainplaceinyourhome若将土豆存放在家中特定位置,可保鲜五个月PotatoesareafundamentalingredientinmanyBritishkitchens.Whetherit'scraftingcrispy,goldenchipsakintoFrenchfries,orservingupaplateofflawlesslyroastedpotatoeswithaSundayroast,theversatilityofpotatoesisendless.土豆是许多英国厨房里的基本食材。无论是炸出类似法式薯条的酥脆金黄薯条,还是搭配周日烤肉端上一盘完美烤制的土豆,土豆的用途可谓无穷无尽。However,whilecookingthemmightbestraightforward,keepingthemfreshcanoftenposeachallenge.Discoveringthatyourpotatoeshaveturnedsoftandbegunsproutingwhenyoureachintothepackcanquicklyderaildinnerplans.然而,虽然烹饪土豆或许简单,但让它们保持新鲜却常常是个难题。当你伸手从包装里拿土豆时,发现它们已经变软并开始发芽,这可能会迅速打乱你的晚餐计划。But,whenstoredcorrectly,potatoescanremainfreshforuptofivemonths.Whiletherearenumeroussuggestionsonhowtostorethem,includingexpert-approvedfridgestorage,findingspareroominthekitchencansometimesbeproblematic.不过,如果储存得当,土豆可以保鲜长达五个月。虽然关于如何储存土豆的建议众多,包括专家认可的冰箱储存法,但在厨房里找到多余的存放空间有时却是个问题。Therefore,consideringotherareasinthehousewheretheycouldbestoredforseveralmonthsmightbebeneficial.Beforeyoustartsearchingforsuitablespots,it'scrucialtofirstremovethepotatoesfromtheplasticpackagingthey'retypicallysoldin.因此,考虑家中其他可以存放土豆数月的地方或许会有所帮助。在你开始寻找合适的存放地点之前,至关重要的是要先把土豆从通常售卖的塑料包装中取出来。Plasticshouldbeavoidedatallcostsifyou'reaimingtoprolongthefreshnessofyourpotatoes,reportstheExpress.Instead,optforamorebreathablemateriallikeapaperbag,orifyouhavealargequantityofpotatoes,acardboardboxwithholes.据《快报》报道,如果你想延长土豆的保鲜期,就一定要不惜一切代价避免使用塑料。相反,应选择透气性更好的材料,比如纸袋;如果你有大量土豆,也可以选择带孔的纸板箱。Plasticisinfamousfortrappingmoisture,whichcanhastenspoilageinpotatoesandcausethemtosproutwithinafewweeks.塑料因会锁住水分而臭名昭著,这会使土豆更快变质,并在几周内就发芽。Onceyou'verelocatedthem,ifyou'relackingkitchenstorage,aslightlyunconventionallocationendorsedbyagardeningexpertcankeeppotatoesfreshforuptofourmonths.一旦你把土豆转移出来,如果厨房没有足够的储存空间,那么一位园艺专家推荐的一个稍显非常规的地点,可以让土豆保鲜长达四个月。GardeningexpertRandyLemmonrevealedonhiswebsitethattheoptimalstorageenvironmentforpotatoesiscool,darkandwell-ventilatedtopreventmould.Contrarytotraditionalkitchenstorage,Randyproposesutilisingyourspareroombystoringthemunderanunusedbedinshallowboxes.园艺专家兰迪·莱蒙在其网站上透露,土豆的最佳储存环境是凉爽、黑暗且通风良好的地方,以防止发霉。与传统厨房储存方式不同,兰迪建议利用闲置房间,将土豆存放在未使用的床下的浅盒子里。Anunoccupiedbedservesasanidealstoragespot,ensuringconsistentairflowandshieldingpotatoesfromlightandotherproducelikeonions,whichemitgasesthatcancausespoilage.一张空床是理想的储存地点,它能确保空气流通顺畅,还能让土豆免受光线照射,以及避免与洋葱等其他会释放气体导致土豆变质的农产品放在一起。Whiletheycanbestoredforuptofourmonthsinthismanner,it'scrucialtoperiodicallycheckforanysproutingorgreenpatches.Discardanyspoiledpotatoesfromtheboxtomaintainthefreshnessoftheremainingones.虽然以这种方式土豆可以储存长达四个月,但定期检查土豆是否有发芽或出现绿斑至关重要。一旦发现土豆有变质迹象,就应立即从箱子里扔掉,以保持其余土豆的新鲜度。
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Almosthalfofyoungpeoplewouldpreferaworldwithoutinternet,UKstudyfinds英国研究:近半数年轻人渴望没有互联网的世界Almosthalfofyoungpeoplewouldratherliveinaworldwheretheinternetdoesnotexist,accordingtoanewsurvey.一项新调查表明,近半数年轻人更倾向于生活在一个没有互联网的世界中。Theresearchrevealsthatnearly70%of16-to21-year-oldsfeelworseaboutthemselvesafterspendingtimeonsocialmedia.Half(50%)wouldsupporta"digitalcurfew"thatwouldrestricttheiraccesstocertainappsandsitespast10pm,while46%saidtheywouldratherbeyounginaworldwithouttheinternetaltogether.研究结果显示,近70%的16至21岁年轻人在使用社交媒体后,自我感觉会变差。其中,半数(50%)受访者支持实施“数字宵禁”政策,即在晚上10点后限制他们访问某些应用程序和网站;而46%的受访者则明确表示,他们更愿意生活在一个完全没有互联网的世界里。Aquarterofrespondentsspentfourormorehoursadayonsocialmedia,while42%ofthosesurveyedadmittedtolyingtotheirparentsandguardiansaboutwhattheydoonline.调查还发现,四分之一的受访者每天在社交媒体上花费的时间长达4小时或更久,更有42%的受访者承认曾向父母和监护人隐瞒自己在网上的真实活动。Whileonline,42%saidtheyhadliedabouttheirage,40%admittedtohavingadecoyor"burner"account,and27%saidtheypretendedtobeadifferentpersoncompletely.在上网过程中,不少年轻人也有着不为人知的一面:42%的受访者表示曾谎报年龄,40%承认拥有诱饵账号或“临时”账号,还有27%的受访者坦言曾完全伪装成另一个人。Theresultscameafterthetechnologysecretary,PeterKyle,hintedthatthegovernmentwasweighingupthepossibilityofmakingcut-offtimesmandatoryforcertainappssuchasTikTokandInstagram.此前,英国科技大臣彼得·凯尔曾暗示,政府正在考虑强制要求 TikTok 和 Instagram 等应用程序设置使用截止时间,以保护年轻人的身心健康。RaniGovender,thepolicymanagerforchildsafetyonlineattheNSPCC,saidthatdigitalcurfews,whilehelpful,couldnotstopchildrenbeingexposedtoharmfulmaterialsonlinewithoutothermeasuresbeingputinplace.对此,英国全国防止虐待儿童学会(NSPCC)的儿童在线安全政策经理拉尼·戈文德表示,虽然数字宵禁政策能在一定程度上帮助年轻人远离网络有害内容,但如果不采取其他配套措施,仍无法从根本上解决问题。"Weneedtomakeclearthatadigitalcurfewaloneisnotgoingtoprotectchildrenfromtheriskstheyfaceonline.Theywillbeabletoseealltheserisksatotherpointsofthedayandtheywillstillhavethesameimpact,"shesaid.她说:“我们需要明确的是,仅靠数字宵禁政策是无法全面保护儿童免受网络风险的侵害的。因为儿童在其他时段仍然会面临这些风险,这些风险对他们的影响依然存在。”Govenderaddedthattheprimaryfocusforcompaniesandthegovernmentwastoensurekidsareusing"muchsaferandlessaddictivesites".戈文德进一步补充道,企业和政府的首要任务是确保儿童能够使用到更安全、更不容易上瘾的网站。Thestudy,conductedbytheBritishStandardsInstitution,surveyed1,293youngpeopleandfoundthat27%ofrespondentshavesharedtheirlocationonlinewithstrangers.这项由英国标准协会开展的研究共调查了1293名年轻人。结果显示,有27%的受访者曾在网上与陌生人分享过自己的位置信息。Inthesamesurvey,three-quarterssaidtheyhadspentmoretimeonlineasaresultofthepandemic,while68%saidtheyfeltthetimetheyspentonlinewasdetrimentaltotheirmentalhealth.在同一次调查中,四分之三的受访者表示,由于疫情的影响,他们在网上花费的时间明显增多;而68%的受访者则直言,他们感觉上网时间对自己的心理健康造成了负面影响。AndyBurrows,thechiefexecutiveofthesuicidepreventioncharitytheMollyRoseFoundation,saiditwas"clearthatyoungpeopleareawareoftherisksonlineand,what'smore,theywantactionfromtechcompaniestoprotectthem".自杀预防慈善机构“莫莉·罗斯基金会”的首席执行官安迪·伯罗斯对此表示:“显然,年轻人已经深刻意识到了上网的风险,更重要的是,他们希望科技公司能够采取切实有效的行动来保护他们。”Headdedthatalgorithmscanprovidecontentthat"canquicklyspiralandtakeyoungpeopledownrabbitholesofharmfulanddistressingmaterialthroughnofaultoftheirown".Newlawswere"urgentlyrequiredtofinallyembedasafebydesignapproachtoregulationthatputstheneedsofchildrenandsocietyaheadofthoseofbigtech",hesaid.他进一步指出,算法有时会推送一些不良内容,这些内容“可能会迅速让年轻人陷入有害和令人痛苦的内容深渊,而他们本身并无过错”。他强调:“当前亟需出台新法律,将‘安全设计’理念真正融入监管之中,将儿童和社会需求置于大型科技公司利益之上,以确保网络环境的健康与安全。”
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